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1 wide *****
[waɪd](gen) largo (-a), (publicity, margin) ampio (-a), (ocean, desert, region) vasto (-a), (fig: considerable: variety, choice) grande, ampio (-a), vasto (-a)in the whole wide world — nel mondo intero, in tutto il mondo
2. adv(aim, fall) lontano dal bersaglioset wide apart — (houses, eyes) ben distanziato (-a), (legs) divaricato (-a)
to be wide open — (door) essere spalancato (-a)
to shoot wide — tirare a vuoto or fuori bersaglio
to be wide open to criticism/attack — essere esposto (-a) alle critiche/agli attacchi
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2 knowledge
1. n знание; познания, эрудиция2. n наука; сумма знанийbranches of human knowledge — отрасли знаний, накопленных человечеством, отрасли науки
anxiety for knowledge — жажда знаний, стремление к знаниям
knowledge engineering — когнитология, инженерия знаний
3. n осведомлённость, сведенияto have no knowledge of anything, anybody — не иметь ни малейшего представления ни о чём, ни о ком
it has come to my knowledge that you … — до меня дошли сведения, что вы …
4. n понимание5. n знакомство6. n арх. половая близостьСинонимический ряд:1. awareness (noun) awareness; cognizance; consciousness; realization2. data (noun) data; facts; news3. information (noun) education; enlightenment; erudition; experience; information; instruction; intelligence; learning; lore; scholarship; science4. understanding (noun) apprehension; comprehension; discernment; insight; judgement; perception; understanding; wisdomАнтонимический ряд:darkness; deception; enigma; ignorance; illiteracy; incapacity; incognizance; inexperience; misapprehension; misconception; misunderstanding; obscurity; stupidity -
3 a
a2 [ə, stressed eɪ]ⓘ GRAM a devient an [ən, stressed æn] devant voyelle ou h muet(a) (before countable nouns) un (une);∎ a book un livre;∎ a car une voiture;∎ an hour [ən'aʊə(r)] une heure;∎ a unit [ə'ju:nɪt] une unité;∎ an uncle [ən'ʌŋkəl] un oncle;∎ an MP [ən'em'pi:] un député;∎ a man and (a) woman un homme et une femme;∎ a cup and saucer une tasse et sa soucoupe;∎ a wife and mother (same person) une épouse et mère;∎ I can't see a thing je ne vois rien;∎ he has a broken leg il a une jambe cassée;∎ would you like a coffee? voulez-vous un café?;∎ an expensive German wine un vin allemand cher(b) (before professions, nationalities)∎ she's a doctor elle est médecin;∎ he is an Englishman/a father il est anglais/père;∎ have you seen a doctor? as-tu vu un médecin?∎ a thousand dollars mille dollars;∎ a dozen eggs une douzaine d'œufs;∎ a third/fifth un tiers/cinquième;∎ a twentieth of a second un vingtième de seconde;∎ an hour and a half une heure et demie∎ £2 a dozen/a hundred grammes deux livres la douzaine/les cent grammes;∎ five francs a head cinq francs par tête;∎ three times a year trois fois par an;∎ fifty kilometres an hour cinquante kilomètres à l'heure(e) (before terms of quantity, amount)∎ a few weeks/months quelques semaines/mois;∎ a lot of money beaucoup d'argent;∎ a great many visitors de très nombreux visiteurs;∎ have a little more wine reprenez donc un peu de vin;∎ he raised a number of interesting points il a soulevé un certain nombre de questions intéressantes(f) (before periods of time) un (une);∎ I'm going for a week/month/year je pars (pour) une semaine/un mois/un an;∎ we talked for a while nous avons parlé un moment(g) (before days, months, festivals) un (une);∎ the meeting was on a Tuesday la réunion a eu lieu un mardi;∎ it was an exceptionally cold March ce fut un mois de mars particulièrement froid;∎ we had an unforgettable Christmas nous avons passé un Noël inoubliable∎ Caen, a large town in Normandy Caen, ville importante de Normandie;∎ forty years a sailor and he still gets seasick! il a beau être marin depuis quarante ans, il lui arrive toujours d'avoir le mal de mer∎ a triangle has three sides le triangle a trois côtés;∎ a cheetah can outrun a lion le guépard court plus vite que le lion;∎ a computer is a useful machine les ordinateurs sont des machines bien utiles∎ a wide knowledge of the subject une connaissance approfondie du sujet;∎ he felt a joy he could not conceal il éprouvait une joie qu'il ne pouvait dissimuler∎ there's been a general falling off in sales il y a eu une chute des ventes∎ to have a red nose avoir le nez rouge;∎ I have a sore throat/back/knee j'ai mal à la gorge/au dos/au genou;∎ to have a taste for sth avoir le goût de qch∎ a Miss Jones was asking for you une certaine Miss Jones vous a demandé;∎ he's been described as a new James Dean on le donne pour le nouveau James Dean;∎ her mother was a Sinclair sa mère était une Sinclair∎ it's a genuine Matisse c'est un Matisse authentique;∎ there's a new Stephen King/Spielberg out next month il y a un nouveau Stephen King/Spielberg qui sort le mois prochain(o) (after half, rather, such, what)∎ half a glass of wine un demi-verre de vin;∎ she's rather an interesting person c'est quelqu'un d'assez intéressant;∎ you're such an idiot! tu es tellement bête!;∎ what a lovely dress! quelle jolie robe!(p) (after as, how, so, too + adj)∎ that's too big a slice for me cette tranche est trop grosse pour moi;∎ how big a bit do you want? combien en veux-tu?;∎ she's as nice a girl as you could wish to meet c'est la fille la plus gentille du monde -
4 Svaty, Vladimir
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]fl. 1950 Czechoslovakia[br]Czech inventor of a loom across which the weft was projected by a jet of water.[br]Since the 1930s people have been experimenting with ways of inserting the weft during weaving without using a massive shuttle. This would save wasting the energy that a shuttle requires to accelerate it through the warp and which is only to be lost when the shuttle is stopped in its box. Around 1950, the Czech engineer Vladimir Svaty had been working on air-jet looms, in which the weft was wafted across the loom by a jet of air. He then switched his interest to waterjet looms, and in 1955, at the Brussels exhibition, the first water-jet loom was displayed to a surprised world. In 1959 the Czechs had installed 150 of these looms at Semily in Czechoslovakia, weaving cloth 41 in. (104 cm) wide at 350 picks per minute. Water-jet looms are suitable only for certain types of synthetic fibres which are not affected by the wet. They are compact, quiet, mechanically simple and free from weft vibration. They find their most appropriate use in weaving simple fabrics from water-insensitive, continuous-filament yarn, which they can produce economically and with the highest quality.[br]Further ReadingJ.J.Vincent, 1980, Shuttleless Looms, Manchester (written with inside knowledge of the problems; the author tried to develop a shuttleless loom himself).RLH -
5 Barnaby, Kenneth C.
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. c.1887 Englandd. 22 March 1968 England[br]English naval architect and technical author.[br]Kenneth Barnaby was an eminent naval architect, as were his father and grandfather before him: his grandfather was Sir Nathaniel Barnaby KGB, Director of Naval Construction, and his father was Sydney W.Barnaby, naval architect of John I. Thornycroft \& Co., Shipbuilders, Southampton. At one time all three were members of the Institution of Naval Architects, the first time that this had ever occurred with three members from one family.Kenneth Barnaby served his apprenticeship at the Thornycroft shipyard in Southampton and later graduated in engineering from the Central Technical College, South Kensington, London. He worked for some years at Le Havre and at John Brown's shipyard at Clydebank before rejoining his old firm in 1916 as Assistant to the Shipyard Manager. In 1919 he went to Rio de Janeiro as a chief ship draughtsman, and finally he returned to Thornycroft, in 1924 he succeeded his father as Naval Architect, and remained in that post until his retirement in 1955, having been appointed a director in 1950.Barnaby had a wide knowledge and understanding of ships and ship design and during the Second World War he was responsible for much of the development work for landing craft, as well as for many other specialist ships built at the Southampton yard. His experience as a deep-sea yachtsman assisted him. He wrote several important books; however, none can compare with the Centenary Volume of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects. In this work, which is used and read widely to this day by naval architects worldwide, he reviewed every paper presented and almost every verbal contribution made to the Transactions during its one hundred years.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsOBE 1945. Associate of the City and Guilds Institute. Royal Institution of Naval Architects Froude Gold Medal 1962. Honorary Vice-President, Royal Institution of Naval Architects 1960–8.Bibliographyc.1900, Marine Propellers, London. 1949, Basic Naval Architecture, London.1960, The Institution of Naval Architects 1860–1960, London.1964, 100 Years of Specialised Shipbuilding and Engineering, London. 1968, Some Ship Disasters and their Causes, London.FMW -
6 deep
di:p
1. прил.
1) а) глубокий;
настолько-то глубокий The well was forty feet deep ≈ Колодец был глубиной 40 футов His wound was deep. ≈ У него была глубокая рана. The lawyer was always engaged six deep whenever I called to see him. ≈ К адвокату всегда стояла очередь в шесть человек, когда бы я не приходил. knee-deep deep in the forest deep end б) погруженный в воду на столько-то в) таинственный;
трудный для понимания A deep book for deep people. ≈ Ученая книга для ученых людей. deep language
2) а) перен. глубокий, серьезный, продуманный, не поверхностный A man of deep learning. ≈ Человек глубоких знаний. Syn: penetrating, profound б) перен. глубокий, сильный John's feelings were too deep for words. ≈ Чувства Джона были слишком сильны, чтобы их можно было выразить в словах. deep delight в) насыщенный, темный, густой( о краске, цвете) Deeper and deeper grew the colour of the sun. ≈ Солнце становилось все краснее и краснее. г) на высоком, высшем уровне чего-л. But then the deep eclipse came on. ≈ Но тут началось полное затмение. It was now deep night. ≈ Был самый разгар ночи, была тьма хоть глаза коли. my deep regret deep in debt deep mourning deep sleep deep secret ∙ Syn: profound
3) погруженный во что-л., поглощенный, занятый чем-л. He passed the next night in deep study. ≈ Следующую ночь он провел с головой погрузившись в занятия. deep in thought deep in meditation
4) низкий( о звуке) He possesses a very fine deep voice. ≈ У него очень чистый низкий голос. Syn: grave, full-toned, resonant ∙ deep waters go to the deep end deep pocket ≈ богатство, состоятельность
2. сущ.
1) а) глубокое место, глубина;
открытое море, глубоководные части моря Till we were quite out of the deep, and in full sight of the land. ≈ Пока мы не покинули глубокие воды и не оказались в видимости берега. б) бездна, пропасть And thunder through the sapphire deeps. ≈ Гром в сапфирных глубинах (о небе) That boundless deep of space. ≈ Бесконечная бездна пространства. Syn: abyss в) поэт. море, океан (часто также с определенным артиклем) Barks to cross the dark blue deep. ≈ Корабли, намеревающиеся пересечь темное, голубое море. Syn: ocean, main г) пещера, яма;
долина A prophet who in a deep of cliff the fates doth chant. ≈ Предсказатель, поющий в скальной расселине о судьбах мира. Syn: pit, cavity, valley
2) глубины мысли;
поэт. самое сокровенное From the human spirit's deepest deep. ≈ Их сокровенных глубин человеческой души.
3) мор. меры глубины в саженях, не отмеченные на лоте (на 20-саженном лоте это 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, и 19 сажени)
3. нареч.
1) глубоко His hands were stuck deep into pockets of his breeches. ≈ Он стоял, глубоко засунув руки в карманы. dig deep deep into the night lie deep deep-fish Syn: deeply Still waters run deep ≈ посл. В тихом омуте черти водятся (ближе "тот кто молчит, скрывает многое").
2) сильно, серьезно They drank deep of the French wine. ≈ Они выпили изрядно французского вина. Syn: profoundly, intensely, earnestly, heavily
3) низко( о звуке, голосе) A hundred dogs bayed deep and strong. ≈ Слышался низкий и мощный лай своры в сотню собак.
4. гл. редк. становиться глубже, становиться глубоким;
расширяться глубь, глубина - the unfathomed *s неизведанные /неизмеренные/ глубины океана - the * of space безграничность пространства - the *s of knowledge (образное) глубины знаний углубление, впадина;
глубокое место - the Boston * Бостонская впадина - ocean * океанская впадина pl фбиссальные глубины (более 5500 м) (the *) море, океан;
пучина - the great /mighty/ * бездонная синь - the azure * лазурный океан - in the cradle of the * в колыбели моря - to commit a body to the * предавать тело( умершего) морской пучине (книжное) бездна, пропасть (эмоционально-усилительно) время наиболее полного проявления чего-л. - in the * of winter в разгар зимы - in the * of night глубокой ночью, в глухую полночь( риторически) непостижимое, вечная тайна( морское) расстояние между двумя отметками лотлиня (горное) уклон, наклонная выработка глубокий - * river глубокая река - * wrinkles глубокие морщины - * grass высокая трава - as * as well глубокий как колодец;
очень глубокий - * greenhouse (сельскохозяйственное) земляная теплица имеющий определенную глубину, глубиной в - a mile * глубиной в одну милю - a lot 30 feet wide and 100 feet * участок в 30 футов шириной и в 100 футов длиной - soldiers four rows * солдаты, построившиеся в четыре шеренги широкий;
имеющий большую толщину - * shelf широкая полка) - * forest большой лес - * border широкая пограничная полоса - her thighs were * and white бедра у нее были округлые /полные/ и белые находящийся на большой глубине, глубинный - * dive ныряние на глубину;
(спортивное) глубокий вход в воду - * bow глубокий поклон - * spring of water глубинный источник (in) покрытый толстым слоем (чего-л.), находящийся под( чем-л.) - lanes * in snow дорожки, засыпанные толстым слоем снега (in) находящийся или расположенный в глубине, далеко от (чего-л.) - a house * in the valley домик, стоящий глубоко в долине - * in industrial England в самом сердце промышленной Англии (in) погруженный, увлеченный, поглощенный - * in peace безмятежно спокойный - * in reading погруженный /ушедший с головой/ в чтение - * in a novel увлеченный романом - * in a map углубившийся в изучение карты - * in love по уши влюбленный - * in debt кругом в долгах - * in difficulties вконец запутавшийся сильный, крепкий - * in the chest широкогрудый, с широкой грудью серьезный, глубокий;
фундаментальный, основательный - * theoretician глубокий теоретик - * study фундаментальное исследование;
серьезные познания - * argument веский аргумент /довод/ - * problem сложная /серьезная/ проблема - * politician прозорливый политик - * designs далеко идущие планы сложный;
непостижимый;
таинственный - * mystery /secret/ непостижимая загадка /тайна/ - * game /play/ сложная игра - to play a * game вести сложную игру - too * for words невыразимый сложный;
глубинный - the *er causes of the social unrest глубинные причины общественного недовольства интенсивный;
сильный, глубокий - * breath /sigh/ глубокий вздох - * impression глубокое впечатление - * influence сильное влияние - * curse крепкое ругательство - * sleep глубокий /крепкий/ сон полный, совершенный, абсолютный - * gloom глубокий мрак - * night глухая ночь - * stillness /глубокая/ тишина;
безмолвие глубоко укоренившийся;
заядлый, завзятый - * drinking беспробудное пьянство - * drinker пропойца - * enemies заклятые враги тяжелый;
серьезный;
мучительный - * disgrace несмываемый позор - * sin страшный /смертный/ грех - * wrongs страшная несправедливость насыщенный, темный, густой (о краске, цвете) - * colour густой цвет - * blue темно-синий цвет низкий, полный, грудного тембра (о звуке, голосе) - * sound низкий звук - * groan глухой стон - * bass бас профундо (устаревшее) грязный;
непролазный;
непроходимый( о дорогах) (разговорное) хитрый, ловкий (медицина) подкожный - * therapy глубокая рентгенотерапия( психологическое) подсознательный( - deep) как компонент сложных слов: стоящий в столько-то рядов;
погрузившийся на столько-то - police were three-deep полиция стояла в три ряда - knee-deep in mud по колено в грязи > a * one продувная бестия, тертый калач > * pocket богатство, состоятельность > to be in * waters быть в затруднительном положении > to go (in) off the * end, to go off at the * end взволноваться, разозлиться;
рисковать, действовать сгоряча /необдуманно/;
не узнавши броду, соваться в воду глубоко;
в глубине - to lie * лежать /залегать/ на большой глубине - to dig * рыть глубоко;
докапываться - to stick one's hands * into one's pockets засунуть руки глубоко в карманы - the harpoon sank * into the flesh гарпун вошел глубоко в тело (животного) - magma in moving from * in the earth магма подымается из земных недр глубоко - to lie * лежать глубоко, иметь глубокие корни( о причинах и т. п.) - to go * into the subject углубиться в изучение предмета - to sink * into the mind запасть в душу;
глубоко запечатлеться - the difference goes *er различия лежат (еще) глубже /имеют (более) глубокие корни/ на большом удалении( от чего-л.) - * in the mountains высоко в горах;
в самом сердце гор - his eyes are * in his head у него глубоко посаженные глаза до момента наиболее полного проявления (чего-л.) - * into the winter до глубокой зимы - to read * into the night зачитаться до глубокой ночи - to sit * into the night засидеться допоздна очень, весьма;
сильно, много - to drink * сделать большой глоток;
сильно пить, пить запоем - he had drunk * of the pleasures of life он сполна вкусил жизненных удовольствий - to play * круто играть deep: ~ in thought, ~ in meditation( глубоко) задумавшийся, погруженный в размышления ~ бездна, пропасть ~ глубокий;
deep water большая глубина;
deep sleep глубокий сон;
to my deep regret к моему глубокому сожалению ~ глубоко;
deep in one's mind в глубине души;
to dig deep рыть глубоко;
перен. докапываться;
deep into the night до глубокой ночи ~ глубокое место ~ (the ~) поэт. море, океан ~ насыщенный, темный, густой (о краске, цвете) ~ низкий (о звуке) ;
a deep one тонкая бестия;
to draw up five (six) deep воен. строить(ся) в пять( шесть) рядов;
deep pocket богатство, состоятельность ~ погруженный (во что-л.) ;
поглощенный (чем-л.) ;
занятый (чем-л) ~ самое сокровенное ~ серьезный, не поверхностный;
deep knowledge серьезные, глубокие знания ~ сильный, глубокий;
deep feelings глубокие чувства;
deep delight огромное наслаждение ~ таинственный, труднопостигаемый ~ сильный, глубокий;
deep feelings глубокие чувства;
deep delight огромное наслаждение ~ сильный, глубокий;
deep feelings глубокие чувства;
deep delight огромное наслаждение ~ in a book (in a map) погруженный, ушедший с головой в книгу (в изучение карты) ~ in debt по уши в долгу deep: ~ in thought, ~ in meditation (глубоко) задумавшийся, погруженный в размышления ~ глубоко;
deep in one's mind в глубине души;
to dig deep рыть глубоко;
перен. докапываться;
deep into the night до глубокой ночи mind: ~ дух (душа) ;
mind's eye духовное око, мысленный взгляд;
deep in one's mind (глубоко) в душе deep: ~ in thought, ~ in meditation (глубоко) задумавшийся, погруженный в размышления ~ глубоко;
deep in one's mind в глубине души;
to dig deep рыть глубоко;
перен. докапываться;
deep into the night до глубокой ночи ~ серьезный, не поверхностный;
deep knowledge серьезные, глубокие знания ~ низкий (о звуке) ;
a deep one тонкая бестия;
to draw up five (six) deep воен. строить(ся) в пять (шесть) рядов;
deep pocket богатство, состоятельность ~ низкий (о звуке) ;
a deep one тонкая бестия;
to draw up five (six) deep воен. строить(ся) в пять (шесть) рядов;
deep pocket богатство, состоятельность pocket: ~ перен. деньги;
empty pockets безденежье;
deep pocket богатство ~ глубокий;
deep water большая глубина;
deep sleep глубокий сон;
to my deep regret к моему глубокому сожалению ~ глубокий;
deep water большая глубина;
deep sleep глубокий сон;
to my deep regret к моему глубокому сожалению ~ глубоко;
deep in one's mind в глубине души;
to dig deep рыть глубоко;
перен. докапываться;
deep into the night до глубокой ночи ~ низкий (о звуке) ;
a deep one тонкая бестия;
to draw up five (six) deep воен. строить(ся) в пять (шесть) рядов;
deep pocket богатство, состоятельность to keep (smth.) a ~ secret хранить( что-л.) в строгой тайне ~ глубокий;
deep water большая глубина;
deep sleep глубокий сон;
to my deep regret к моему глубокому сожалению still waters run ~ посл. = в тихом омуте черти водятся -
7 extensive
- sivadjective (large in area or amount: extensive plantations; He suffered extensive injuries in the accident.) extenso, vastoextensive adj extenso / ampliotr[ɪk'stensɪv]1 (area) extenso,-a, amplio,-a2 (wide-ranging) vasto,-a, amplio,-a, extenso,-a; (thorough) exhaustivo, minucioso,-a3 (very great in effect, widespread) importante, múltiple\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto make extensive use of something hacer abundante uso de algoextensive agriculture agricultura extensivaextensive [ɪk'stɛntsɪv, ɛk-] adj: extenso, vasto, amplio♦ extensively advadj.• abundante adj.• amplio, -a adj.• dilatado, -a adj.• extensivo, -a adj.• extenso, -a adj.• grande adj.• lato, -a adj.ɪk'stensɪvadjective <area/field> extenso; < knowledge> vasto, extenso, amplio; <experience/coverage> amplio; <search/inquiries> exhaustivo; <damage/repairs> de consideración, importanteto make extensive use of something — hacer* abundante uso de algo
[ɪks'tensɪv]ADJ1) (=covering large area) [grounds, estate, area] extenso; [network, tour] extenso, amplio; [surgery] de envergadura; [burns] de consideración2) (=comprehensive) [collection, list] extenso; [range, reforms, interests] amplio; [enquiry, tests, research] exhaustivo; [knowledge] vasto, amplioit got extensive coverage in the British papers — obtuvo una amplia cobertura en la prensa británica
3) (=considerable) [damage, investments] considerable, importante; [experience] amplio, vasto; [repairs] de consideración; [powers] ampliomany buildings suffered extensive damage in the blast — la explosión causó daños considerables or importantes en muchos edificios
to make extensive use of sth — usar or utilizar algo mucho
* * *[ɪk'stensɪv]adjective <area/field> extenso; < knowledge> vasto, extenso, amplio; <experience/coverage> amplio; <search/inquiries> exhaustivo; <damage/repairs> de consideración, importanteto make extensive use of something — hacer* abundante uso de algo
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8 deep
1. [di:p] n1. 1) глубь, глубинаthe unfathomed deeps - неизведанные /неизмеренные/ глубины океана
the deeps of knowledge - образн. глубины знаний
2) углубление, впадина; глубокое место3) pl абиссальные глубины (более 5500 м́)2. (the deep) поэт. море, океан; пучинаthe great /mighty/ deep - бездонная синь
to commit a body to the deep - предавать тело ( умершего) морской пучине
3. книжн. бездна, пропасть4. эмоц.-усил. время наиболее полного проявления чего-л.in the deep of night - глубокой ночью, в глухую полночь
5. поэт., ритор. непостижимое, вечная тайна6. мор. расстояние между двумя отметками лотлиня7. горн. уклон, наклонная выработка2. [di:p] a1. 1) глубокий:deep river [recess, wound, snow] - глубокая река [ниша, рана, -ий снег]
as deep as a well - глубокий, как колодец; очень глубокий
deep greenhouse - с.-х. земляная теплица
2) имеющий определённую глубину, глубиной вa mile [10 feet] deep - глубиной в одну милю [в 10 футов]
a lot 30 feet wide and 100 feet deep - участок в 30 футов шириной и в 100 футов длиной
soldiers four rows deep - солдаты, построившиеся в четыре шеренги
2. широкий; имеющий большую толщинуdeep shelf [hem] - широкая полка [-ий рубец]
her thighs were deep and white - бёдра у неё были округлые /полные/ и белые
3. 1) находящийся на большой глубине, глубинныйdeep dive - а) ныряние на глубину; б) спорт. глубокий вход в воду
2) (in) покрытый толстым слоем (чего-л.), находящийся под (чем-л.)lanes deep in snow - дорожки, засыпанные толстым слоем снега
3) (in) находящийся или расположенный в глубине, далеко от (чего-л.)a house deep in the valley - домик, стоящий глубоко в долине
4) (in) погружённый, увлечённый, поглощённыйdeep in reading - погружённый /ушедший с головой/ в чтение
4. сильный, крепкийdeep in the chest - широкогрудый, с широкой грудью
5. серьёзный, глубокий, фундаментальный, основательныйdeep theoretician [thinker, intellect, insight] - глубокий теоретик [мыслитель, ум, -ое проникновение]
deep study - а) фундаментальное исследование; б) серьёзные познания
deep argument - веский аргумент /довод/
deep problem - сложная /серьёзная/ проблема
6. 1) сложный; непостижимый; таинственныйdeep mystery /secret/ - непостижимая загадка /тайна/
deep game /play/ - сложная игра
2) сложный; глубинныйthe deeper causes of the social unrest - глубинные причины общественного недовольства
7. 1) интенсивный; сильный, глубокийdeep breath /sigh/ - глубокий вздох
deep impression [grief, affection, gratitude, interest] - глубокое впечатление [горе, чувство, -ая благодарность, -ий интерес]
deep sleep - глубокий /крепкий/ сон
2) полный, совершенный, абсолютныйdeep gloom [mourning] - глубокий мрак [траур]
deep stillness - /глубокая/ тишина; безмолвие
3) глубоко укоренившийся; заядлый, завзятый4) тяжёлый; серьёзный; мучительныйdeep sin - страшный /смертный/ грех
8. насыщенный, тёмный, густой (о краске, цвете)deep blue [brown] - тёмно-синий [тёмно-коричневый] цвет
9. низкий, полный, грудного тембра (о звуке, голосе)10. уст. грязный; непролазный; непроходимый ( о дорогах)11. разг. хитрый, ловкий12. мед. подкожный13. психол. подсознательный14. (-deep) как компонент сложных слов:1) стоящий в столько-то рядов2) погрузившийся на столько-то:♢
a deep one - продувная бестия, тёртый калачdeep pocket - богатство, состоятельность
to be in [to get into] deep waters - быть [попасть] в затруднительное положение
3. [di:p] advto go (in) off the deep end, to go off at the deep end - а) взволноваться, разозлиться; б) рисковать, действовать сгоряча /необдуманно/; ≅ не узнавши броду, соваться в воду
1. 1) глубоко; в глубинеto lie deep - лежать /залегать/ на большой глубине [см. тж. 1, 2)]
to dig deep - а) рыть глубоко; б) докапываться
to stick one's hands deep into one's pockets - засунуть руки глубоко в карманы
the harpoon sank deep into the flesh - гарпун вошёл глубоко в тело (животного)
2) глубокоto lie deep - лежать глубоко, иметь глубокие корни (о причинах и т. п.) [см. тж. 1, 1)]
to sink deep into the mind - запасть в душу; глубоко запечатлеться
the difference goes deeper - различия лежат (ещё) глубже /имеют (более) глубокие корни/
2. на большом удалении (от чего-л.)deep in the mountains - высоко в горах; ≅ в самом сердце гор
3. до момента наиболее полного проявления (чего-л.)4. очень, весьма; сильно, многоto drink deep - а) сделать большой глоток; he had drunk deep of the pleasures of life - он сполна вкусил жизненных удовольствий; б) сильно пить, пить запоем
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9 Leonardo da Vinci
[br]b. 15 April 1452 Vinci, near Florence, Italy,d. 2 May 1519 St Cloux, near Amboise, France.[br]Italian scientist, engineer, inventor and artist.[br]Leonardo was the illegitimate son of a Florentine lawyer. His first sixteen years were spent with the lawyer's family in the rural surroundings of Vinci, which aroused in him a lifelong love of nature and an insatiable curiosity in it. He received little formal education but extended his knowledge through private reading. That gave him only a smattering of Latin, a deficiency that was to be a hindrance throughout his active life. At sixteen he was apprenticed in the studio of Andrea del Verrochio in Florence, where he received a training not only in art but in a wide variety of crafts and technical arts.In 1482 Leonardo went to Milan, where he sought and obtained employment with Ludovico Sforza, later Duke of Milan, partly to sculpt a massive equestrian statue of Ludovico but the work never progressed beyond the full-scale model stage. He did, however, complete the painting which became known as the Virgin of the Rocks and in 1497 his greatest artistic achievement, The Last Supper, commissioned jointly by Ludovico and the friars of Santa Maria della Grazie and painted on the wall of the monastery's refectory. Leonardo was responsible for the court pageants and also devised a system of irrigation to supply water to the plains of Lombardy. In 1499 the French army entered Milan and deposed Leonardo's employer. Leonardo departed and, after a brief visit to Mantua, returned to Florence, where for a time he was employed as architect and engineer to Cesare Borgia, Duke of Romagna. Around 1504 he completed another celebrated work, the Mona Lisa.In 1506 Leonardo began his second sojourn in Milan, this time in the service of King Louis XII of France, who appointed him "painter and engineer". In 1513 Leonardo left for Rome in the company of his pupil Francesco Melzi, but his time there was unproductive and he found himself out of touch with the younger artists active there, Michelangelo above all. In 1516 he accepted with relief an invitation from King François I of France to reside at the small château of St Cloux in the royal domain of Amboise. With the pension granted by François, Leonardo lived out his remaining years in tranquility at St Cloux.Leonardo's career can hardly be regarded as a success or worthy of such a towering genius. For centuries he was known only for the handful of artistic works that he managed to complete and have survived more or less intact. His main activity remained hidden until the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, during which the contents of his notebooks were gradually revealed. It became evident that Leonardo was one of the greatest scientific investigators and inventors in the history of civilization. Throughout his working life he extended a searching curiosity over an extraordinarily wide range of subjects. The notes show careful investigation of questions of mechanical and civil engineering, such as power transmission by means of pulleys and also a form of chain belting. The notebooks record many devices, such as machines for grinding and polishing lenses, a lathe operated by treadle-crank, a rolling mill with conical rollers and a spinning machine with pinion and yard divider. Leonardo made an exhaustive study of the flight of birds, with a view to designing a flying machine, which obsessed him for many years.Leonardo recorded his observations and conclusions, together with many ingenious inventions, on thousands of pages of manuscript notes, sketches and drawings. There are occasional indications that he had in mind the publication of portions of the notes in a coherent form, but he never diverted his energy into putting them in order; instead, he went on making notes. As a result, Leonardo's impact on the development of science and technology was virtually nil. Even if his notebooks had been copied and circulated, there were daunting impediments to their understanding. Leonardo was left-handed and wrote in mirror-writing: that is, in reverse from right to left. He also used his own abbreviations and no punctuation.At his death Leonardo bequeathed his entire output of notes to his friend and companion Francesco Melzi, who kept them safe until his own death in 1570. Melzi left the collection in turn to his son Orazio, whose lack of interest in the arts and sciences resulted in a sad period of dispersal which endangered their survival, but in 1636 the bulk of them, in thirteen volumes, were assembled and donated to the Ambrosian Library in Milan. These include a large volume of notes and drawings compiled from the various portions of the notebooks and is now known as the Codex Atlanticus. There they stayed, forgotten and ignored, until 1796, when Napoleon's marauding army overran Italy and art and literary works, including the thirteen volumes of Leonardo's notebooks, were pillaged and taken to Paris. After the war in 1815, the French government agreed to return them but only the Codex Atlanticus found its way back to Milan; the rest remained in Paris. The appendix to one notebook, dealing with the flight of birds, was later regarded as of sufficient importance to stand on its own. Four small collections reached Britain at various times during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; of these, the volume in the Royal Collection at Windsor Castle is notable for its magnificent series of anatomical drawings. Other collections include the Codex Leicester and Codex Arundel in the British Museum in London, and the Madrid Codices in Spain.Towards the end of the nineteenth century, Leonardo's true stature as scientist, engineer and inventor began to emerge, particularly with the publication of transcriptions and translations of his notebooks. The volumes in Paris appeared in 1881–97 and the Codex Atlanticus was published in Milan between 1894 and 1904.[br]Principal Honours and Distinctions"Premier peintre, architecte et mécanicien du Roi" to King François I of France, 1516.Further ReadingE.MacCurdy, 1939, The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci, 2 vols, London; 2nd edn, 1956, London (the most extensive selection of the notes, with an English translation).G.Vasari (trans. G.Bull), 1965, Lives of the Artists, London: Penguin, pp. 255–271.C.Gibbs-Smith, 1978, The Inventions of Leonardo da Vinci, Oxford: Phaidon. L.H.Heydenreich, Dibner and L. Reti, 1981, Leonardo the Inventor, London: Hutchinson.I.B.Hart, 1961, The World of Leonardo da Vinci, London: Macdonald.LRD / IMcN -
10 Gutenberg, Johann Gensfleisch zum
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. c. 1394–9 Mainz, Germanyd. 3 February 1468 Mainz, Germany[br]German inventor of printing with movable type.[br]Few biographical details are known of Johann Gensfleisch zum Gutenberg, yet it has been said that he was responsible for Germany's most notable contribution to civilization. He was a goldsmith by trade, of a patrician family of the city of Mainz. He seems to have begun experiments on printing while a political exile in Strasbourg c. 1440. He returned to Mainz between 1444 and 1448 and continued his experiments, until by 1450 he had perfected his invention sufficiently to justify raising capital for its commercial exploitation.Circumstances were propitious for the invention of printing at that time. Rises in literacy and prosperity had led to the formation of a social class with the time and resources to develop a taste for reading, and the demand for reading matter had outstripped the ability of the scribes to satisfy it. The various technologies required were well established, and finally the flourishing textile industry was producing enough waste material, rag, to make paper, the only satisfactory and cheap medium for printing. There were others working along similar lines, but it was Gutenberg who achieved the successful adaptation and combination of technologies to arrive at a process by which many identical copies of a text could be produced in a wide variety of forms, of which the book was the most important. Gutenberg did make several technical innovations, however. The two-piece adjustable mould for casting types of varying width, from T to "M", was ingenious. Then he had to devise an oil-based ink suitable for inking metal type, derived from the painting materials developed by contemporary Flemish artists. Finally, probably after many experiments, he arrived at a metal alloy of distinctive composition suitable for casting type.In 1450 Gutenberg borrowed 800 guldens from Johannes Fust, a lawyer of Mainz, and two years later Fust advanced a further 800 guldens, securing for himself a partnership in Gutenberg's business. But in 1455 Fust foreclosed and the bulk of Gutenberg's equipment passed to Peter Schöffer, who was in the service of Fust and later married his daughter. Like most early printers, Gutenberg seems not to have appreciated, or at any rate to have been able to provide for, the great dilemma of the publishing trade, namely the outlay of considerable capital in advance of each publication and the slowness of the return. Gutenberg probably retained only the type for the 42- and 36-line bibles and possibly the Catholicon of 1460, an encyclopedic work compiled in the thirteenth century and whose production pointed the way to printing's role as a means of spreading knowledge. The work concluded with a short descriptive piece, or colophon, which is probably by Gutenberg himself and is the only output of his mind that we have; it manages to omit the names of both author and printer.Gutenberg seems to have abandoned printing after 1460, perhaps due to failing eyesight as well as for financial reasons, and he suffered further loss in the sack of Mainz in 1462. He received a kind of pension from the Archbishop in 1465, and on his death was buried in the Franciscan church in Mainz. The only major work to have issued for certain from Gutenberg's workshop is the great 42-line bible, begun in 1452 and completed by August 1456. The quality of this Graaf piece of printing is a tribute to Gutenberg's ability as a printer, and the soundness of his invention is borne out by the survival of the process as he left it to the world, unchanged for over three hundred years save in minor details.[br]Further ReadingA.Ruppel, 1967, Johannes Gutenberg: sein Leben und sein Werk, 3rd edn, Nieuwkoop: B.de Graaf (the standard biography), A.M.L.de Lamartine, 1960, Gutenberg, inventeur de l'imprimerie, Tallone.Scholderer, 1963, Gutenberg, Inventor of Printing, London: British Museum.S.H.Steinberg, 1974, Five Hundred Years of Printing 3rd edn, London: Penguin (provides briefer details).LRDBiographical history of technology > Gutenberg, Johann Gensfleisch zum
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11 Heathcote, John
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 7 August 1783 Duffield, Derbyshire, Englandd. 18 January 1861 Tiverton, Devonshire, England[br]English inventor of the bobbin-net lace machine.[br]Heathcote was the son of a small farmer who became blind, obliging the family to move to Long Whatton, near Loughborough, c.1790. He was apprenticed to W.Shepherd, a hosiery-machine maker, and became a frame-smith in the hosiery industry. He moved to Nottingham where he entered the employment of an excellent machine maker named Elliott. He later joined William Caldwell of Hathern, whose daughter he had married. The lace-making apparatus they patented jointly in 1804 had already been anticipated, so Heathcote turned to the problem of making pillow lace, a cottage industry in which women made lace by arranging pins stuck in a pillow in the correct pattern and winding around them thread contained on thin bobbins. He began by analysing the complicated hand-woven lace into simple warp and weft threads and found he could dispense with half the bobbins. The first machine he developed and patented, in 1808, made narrow lace an inch or so wide, but the following year he made much broader lace on an improved version. In his second patent, in 1809, he could make a type of net curtain, Brussels lace, without patterns. His machine made bobbin-net by the use of thin brass discs, between which the thread was wound. As they passed through the warp threads, which were arranged vertically, the warp threads were moved to each side in turn, so as to twist the bobbin threads round the warp threads. The bobbins were in two rows to save space, and jogged on carriages in grooves along a bar running the length of the machine. As the strength of this fabric depended upon bringing the bobbin threads diagonally across, in addition to the forward movement, the machine had to provide for a sideways movement of each bobbin every time the lengthwise course was completed. A high standard of accuracy in manufacture was essential for success. Called the "Old Loughborough", it was acknowledged to be the most complicated machine so far produced. In partnership with a man named Charles Lacy, who supplied the necessary capital, a factory was established at Loughborough that proved highly successful; however, their fifty-five frames were destroyed by Luddites in 1816. Heathcote was awarded damages of £10,000 by the county of Nottingham on the condition it was spent locally, but to avoid further interference he decided to transfer not only his machines but his entire workforce elsewhere and refused the money. In a disused woollen factory at Tiverton in Devonshire, powered by the waters of the river Exe, he built 300 frames of greater width and speed. By continually making inventions and improvements until he retired in 1843, his business flourished and he amassed a large fortune. He patented one machine for silk cocoon-reeling and another for plaiting or braiding. In 1825 he brought out two patents for the mechanical ornamentation or figuring of lace. He acquired a sound knowledge of French prior to opening a steam-powered lace factory in France. The factory proved to be a successful venture that lasted many years. In 1832 he patented a monstrous steam plough that is reputed to have cost him over £12,000 and was claimed to be the best in its day. One of its stated aims was "improved methods of draining land", which he hoped would develop agriculture in Ireland. A cable was used to haul the implement across the land. From 1832 to 1859, Heathcote represented Tiverton in Parliament and, among other benefactions, he built a school for his adopted town.[br]Bibliography1804, with William Caldwell, British patent no. 2,788 (lace-making machine). 1808. British patent no. 3,151 (machine for making narrow lace).1809. British patent no. 3,216 (machine for making Brussels lace). 1813, British patent no. 3,673.1825, British patent no. 5,103 (mechanical ornamentation of lace). 1825, British patent no. 5,144 (mechanical ornamentation of lace).Further ReadingV.Felkin, 1867, History of the Machine-wrought Hosiery and Lace Manufacture, Nottingham (provides a full account of Heathcote's early life and his inventions).A.Barlow, 1878, The History and Principles of Weaving by Hand and by Power, London (provides more details of his later years).W.G.Allen, 1958 John Heathcote and His Heritage (biography).M.R.Lane, 1980, The Story of the Steam Plough Works, Fowlers of Leeds, London (for comments about Heathcote's steam plough).W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London, and C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History ofTechnology, Vol. V, Oxford: Clarendon Press (both describe the lace-making machine).RLH -
12 Polhem, Christopher
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 18 December 1661 Tingstade, Gotland, Sweden d. 1751[br]Swedish engineer and inventor.[br]He was the eldest son of Wolf Christopher Polhamma, a merchant. The father died in 1669 and the son was sent by his stepfather to an uncle in Stockholm who found him a place in the Deutsche Rechenschule. After the death of his uncle, he was forced to find employment, which he did with the Biorenklou family near Uppsala where he eventually became a kind of estate bailiff. It was during this period that he started to work with a lathe, a forge and at carpentry, displaying great technical ability. He realized that without further education he had little chance of making anything of his life, and accordingly, in 1687, he registered at the University of Uppsala where he studied astronomy and mathematics, remaining there for three years. He also repaired two astronomical pendulum clocks as well as the decrepit medieval clock in the cathedral. After a year's work he had this clock running properly: this was his breakthrough. He was summoned to Stockholm where the King awarded him a salary of 500 dalers a year as an encouragement to further efforts. Around this time, one of increasing mechanization and when mining was Sweden's principal industry, Pohlem made a model of a hoist frame for mines and the Mines Authority encouraged him to develop his ideas. In 1693 Polhem completed the Blankstot hoist at the Stora Kopparberg mine, which attracted great interest on the European continent.From 1694 to 1696 Polhem toured factories, mills and mines abroad in Germany, Holland, England and France, studying machinery of all kinds and meeting many foreign engineers. In 1698 he was appointed Director of Mining Engineering in Sweden, and in 1700 he became Master of Construction in the Falu Mine. He installed the Karl XII hoist there, powered by moving beams from a distant water-wheel. His plan of 1697 for all the machinery at the Falu mine to be driven by three large and remote water-wheels was never completed.In 1707 he was invited by the Elector of Hanover to visit the mines in the Harz district, where he successfully explained many of his ideas which were adopted by the local engineers. In 1700, in conjunction with Gabriel Stierncrona, he founded the Stiersunds Bruk at Husby in Southern Dalarna, a factory for the mass production of metal goods in iron, steel and bronze. Simple articles such as pans, trays, bowls, knives, scissors and mirrors were made there, together with the more sophisticated Polhem lock and the Stiersunds clock. Production was based on water power. Gear cutting for the clocks, shaping hammers for plates, file cutting and many other operations were all water powered, as was a roller mill for the sheet metal used in the factory. He also designed textile machinery such as stocking looms and spinning frames and machines for the manufacture of ribbons and other things.In many of his ideas Polhem was in advance of his time and Swedish country society was unable to absorb them. This was largely the reason for the Stiersund project being only a partial success. Polhem, too, was of a disputatious nature, self-opinionated almost to the point of conceit. He was a prolific writer, leaving over 20,000 pages of manuscript notes, drafts, essays on a wide range of subjects, which included building, brick-making, barrels, wheel-making, bell-casting, organ-building, methods of stopping a horse from bolting and a curious tap "to prevent serving maids from sneaking wine from the cask", the construction of ploughs and threshing machines. His major work, Kort Berattelse om de Fornamsta Mechaniska Inventioner (A Brief Account of the Most Famous Inventions), was printed in 1729 and is the main source of knowledge about his technological work. He is also known for his "mechanical alphabet", a collection of some eighty wooden models of mechanisms for educational purposes. It is in the National Museum of Science and Technology in Stockholm.[br]Bibliography1729, Kort Berattelse om de Fornamsta Mechaniska Inventioner (A Brief Account of the Most Famous Inventions).Further Reading1985, Christopher Polhem, 1661–1751, TheSwedish Daedalus' (catalogue of a travelling exhibition from the Swedish Institute in association with the National Museum of Science and Technology), Stockholm.IMcN -
13 acquaintance
1) (a person whom one knows slightly.) conocido2) ((with with) knowledge: My acquaintance with the works of Shakespeare is slight.) conocimientoacquaintance n conocido / persona conocidatr[ə'kweɪntəns]1 (knowledge) conocimiento, conocimientos nombre masculino plural■ on closer acquaintance I find her fascinating conociéndola mejor, la encuentro fascinante2 (friendship) amistad nombre femenino■ my acquaintance with the minister goes back to our school days mi amistad con el ministro remonta a nuestros días en la escuela3 (person) conocido,-a■ I don't know him well, he's just a nodding acquaintance no lo conozco bien, sólo para saludarlo\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto make somebody's acquaintance conocer a alguienacquaintance [ə'kweɪntənts] n1) knowledge: conocimiento m2) : conocido m, -da ffriends and acquaintances: amigos y conocidosn.• conocido s.m.• conocimiento s.m.• familiar s.m.• persona conocida s.f.ə'kweɪntṇsa) c ( person) conocido, -da m,fb) u c ( with person) relación fto make the acquaintance of somebody to make somebody's acquaintance — conocer* a alguien
c) u c ( knowledge)[ǝ'kweɪntǝns]acquaintance with something — conocimiento m de algo
1. Nnod 3., 4)on closer or further acquaintance it seems less attractive — al conocerlo mejor tiene menos atracción
2) (=person) conocido(-a) m / f2.CPDacquaintance rape N — violación en la que la victima conoce al violador
* * *[ə'kweɪntṇs]a) c ( person) conocido, -da m,fb) u c ( with person) relación fto make the acquaintance of somebody to make somebody's acquaintance — conocer* a alguien
c) u c ( knowledge)acquaintance with something — conocimiento m de algo
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14 field
1. nounwork in the fields — auf dem Feld arbeiten
2) (area rich in minerals etc.) Lagerstätte, diegas-field — Gasfeld, das
leave somebody a clear or the field — (fig.) jemandem das Feld überlassen
in the field of medicine — auf dem Gebiet der Medizin
field of vision or view — Blickfeld, das
7) (Phys.)2. intransitive verbmagnetic/gravitational field — Magnet-/Gravitationsfeld, das
(Cricket, Baseball, etc.) als Fänger spielen3. transitive verb2) (put into field) aufstellen, aufs Feld schicken [Mannschaft, Spieler]3) (fig.): (deal with) fertig werden mit; parieren [Fragen]* * *[fi:ld] 1. noun1) (a piece of land enclosed for growing crops, keeping animals etc: Our house is surrounded by fields.) das Feld3) (a piece of land etc where minerals or other natural resources are found: an oil-field; a coalfield.) das Feld4) (an area of knowledge, interest, study etc: in the fields of literature/economic development; her main fields of interest.) das Gebiet5) (an area affected, covered or included by something: a magnetic field; in his field of vision.) das (blick)Feld6) (an area of battle: the field of Waterloo; ( also adjective) a field-gun.) das Schlachtfeld, Feld-...2. verb((in cricket, basketball etc) to catch (the ball) and return it.) fangen und zurückwerfen- academic.ru/116115/field-glasses">field-glasses- fieldwork* * *[fi:ld]I. nto cut across the \fields quer über die Felder gehento take the \field einlaufen3. (expanse) [weite] Flächeice/snow \field Eis-/Schneefläche fcoal \field Kohleflöz mgas/oil \field Gas-/Ölfeld\field of battle Kriegsschauplatz mto take the \field ins Feld ziehenin the \field an der Front\field of activity Tätigkeitsgebiet nt, Tätigkeitsfeld ntto be first in the \field der/die Beste auf dem Gebiet seinto be outside sb's \field außerhalb jds Kompetenzbereich liegen, nicht mehr in jds Ressort nt fallenonce again Jones finished ahead of the \field wieder einmal gewann Jones vor dem Rest des Feldeswe have a strong \field this afternoon wir haben heute Nachmittag eine starke Besetzungmagnetic \field Magnetfeld nt13.▶ to leave the \field clear for sb jdm das Feld überlassenJohn's transfer left the \field clear for Judy to get the job weil John versetzt wurde, konnte sich Judy um seinen Job bewerben\field interview Befragung f\field observations Freilandbeobachtungen pl, Feldbeobachtungen plIII. vi als Fänger spielen mIV. vt1. (stop)to \field the ball den Ball fangento \field a team ein Team aufs Feld schicken; ( fig)to \field a group of experts eine Expertengruppe zusammenstellen3. (offer as candidate)▪ to \field sb jdn aufstellen4. (display)to \field an army eine Armee aufmarschieren lassen5. (handle)to \field questions Fragen abblocken [o parieren]to \field telephone calls Telefonanrufe abweisen* * *[fiːld]1. ncorn/wheat field — Getreide-/Weizenfeld nt
he's working in the fields — er arbeitet auf dem Feld or Acker
the farm has 20 fields —
2) (= coalfield, icefield, oilfield etc) Feld ntto take the field — auf den Platz kommen, einlaufen
noted for his bravery in the field — für seine Tapferkeit im Feld bekannt
in all the fields of human endeavour (liter) studies in the field of medicine — im gesamten menschlichen Trachten (liter) Studien auf dem Gebiet der Medizin
this is, of course, a very broad field — das ist natürlich ein weites Feld
6) (= area of practical observation or operation) Praxis fwork in the field — Feldforschung f; (of sales rep) Außendienst m
7) (PHYS, OPT) Feld ntgravitational field — Gravitationsfeld nt, Schwerefeld nt
field of force — Kraftfeld nt
magnetic field — Magnetfeld nt, magnetisches Feld
8) (SPORT: competitors) Feld nt; (CRICKET, BASEBALL) Fängerpartei fthe rest of the field (in race) — der Rest des Feldes, die übrigen Läufer
11)2. vthe had to field calls from irate customers — er musste wütende Kunden am Telefon abwimmeln (inf)
2) team, side aufs Feld or auf den Platz schicken3. vi (CRICKET, BASEBALL ETC)als Fänger spielen* * *field [fiːld]A s1. AGR Feld n:in the field auf dem Feld;field of barley Gerstenfeld2. MINERa) (Gold- etc) Feld nb) (Gruben)Feld n, Revier n, (Kohlen) Flöz n3. fig Bereich m, (Sach-, Fach)Gebiet n:in the field of art auf dem Gebiet der Kunst;in his field auf seinem Gebiet, in seinem Fach;field of activity Arbeitsgebiet, Tätigkeitsbereich;field of application Anwendungsbereich;field of law Rechtsgebiet4. a) (weite) Flächeb) MATH, PHYS Feld n:field of force Kraftfeld;c) (elektrisches oder magnetisches) Feld6. SPORTtake the field einlaufen, auf den Platz kommen ( → A 7);play the field umg sich nicht festlegen (wollen); alle gebotenen Chancen wahrnehmen, engS. nichts anbrennen lassen umg (sich keine Chancen bei Jungen bzw Mädchen entgehen lassen)b) Feld n (geschlossene Gruppe von Läufern etc):finish down the field im geschlagenen Feld endenc) Teilnehmer(feld) pl(n), Besetzung f, fig Wettbewerbsteilnehmer pl:good field starke Besetzung;fair field and no favo(u)r gleiche Bedingungen für alle7. MILa) meist poet Schlachtfeld n, (Feld)Schlacht fb) Feld n, Front f:the field of hono(u)r das Feld der Ehre;in the field im Felde, an der Front;take the field ins Feld rücken, den Kampf eröffnen ( → A 6 a);win the field den Sieg davontragen9. MED Operationsfeld n10. TV Feld n, Rasterbild n12. WIRTSCH Außendienst m, (praktischer) Einsatz:agent in the field Vertreter(in) im AußendienstB v/tb) einen Kandidaten etc ins Rennen schicken2. eine Frage etc kontern* * *1. noun2) (area rich in minerals etc.) Lagerstätte, diegas-field — Gasfeld, das
leave somebody a clear or the field — (fig.) jemandem das Feld überlassen
6) (area of operation, subject area, etc.) Fach, das; [Fach]gebiet, dasfield of vision or view — Blickfeld, das
7) (Phys.)2. intransitive verbmagnetic/gravitational field — Magnet-/Gravitationsfeld, das
(Cricket, Baseball, etc.) als Fänger spielen3. transitive verb2) (put into field) aufstellen, aufs Feld schicken [Mannschaft, Spieler]3) (fig.): (deal with) fertig werden mit; parieren [Fragen]* * *(agriculture) n.Acker -Ä m. (military) n.Einsatzgebiet n. n.Feld -er n.Gebiet -e n. -
15 general
1. adjective1) allgemeinthe general public — weite Kreise der Öffentlichkeit od. Bevölkerung
his general health/manner — sein Allgemeinbefinden/sein Benehmen im allgemeinen
he has had a good general education — er hat eine gute Allgemeinbildung
2) (prevalent, widespread, usual) allgemein; weitverbreitet [Übel, Vorurteil, Aberglaube, Ansicht]it is the general custom or rule — es ist allgemein üblich od. ist Sitte od. Brauch
as a general rule, in general — im allgemeinen
2. nounthe general idea or plan is that we... — wir haben uns das so vorgestellt, dass wir...
(Mil.) General, der* * *['‹enərəl] 1. adjective1) (of, involving etc all, most or very many people, things etc: The general feeling is that he is stupid; His general knowledge is good although he is not good at mathematics.) allgemein2) (covering a large number of cases: a general rule.) allgemein3) (without details: I'll just give you a general idea of the plan.) allgemein4) ((as part of an official title) chief: the Postmaster General.) General-...2. noun- academic.ru/30756/generalize">generalize- generalise
- generalization
- generalisation
- generally
- General Certificate of Education
- general election
- general practitioner
- general store
- as a general rule
- in general
- the general public* * *gen·er·al[ˈʤenərəl]I. adjthe confusion was \general es herrschte allgemeine Verwirrungthe \general feeling das vorherrschende Gefühla \general idea eine verbreitete Vorstellung\general impression Gesamteindruck mto be of \general interest von allgemeinem Interesse seinit is \general practice to do sth es ist allgemein üblich, etw zu tunthe \general reader der Durchschnittsleser/die Durchschnittsleserinas a \general rule in der Regel, im Allgemeinen, normalerweiseto be in \general use allgemein benutzt [o gebraucht] werdenin \general im Allgemeinen, generell2. (for everybody) allgemein, generellmost of the soldiers lived in \general quarters die meisten Soldaten lebten in der Kasernemost of the books in this library are available for \general circulation die meisten Bücher dieser Bücherei können von jedem ausgeliehen werden\general amnesty Generalamnestie f\general meeting Vollversammlung f\general mobilization Generalmobilmachung ffor \general use für den allgemeinen [o normalen] Gebrauchto serve the \general welfare im öffentlichen Interesse sein3. (unspecific) allgemein\general American AM LING die amerikanische Standardsprache\general costs allgemeine Kosten\general semantics LING allgemeine Semantik4. (wide) allgemeinthe school gives the children a \general background die Schule vermittelt den Kindern einen allgemeinen Hintergrund\general education Ausbildung f in den Standardfächern5. (not detailed) allgemein\general idea ungefähre Vorstellungto talk in \general terms [nur] allgemein gültige Aussagen machen, nichts Spezifisches sagen\general comptroller Hauptrechnungsprüfer(in) m(f)\general consulate Generalkonsulat nt\general contractor Hauptunternehmer(in) m(f)Attorney G\general Generalstaatsanwalt, -anwältin m, fConsul G\general Generalkonsul(in) m(f)four-star \general Viersternegeneral(in) m(f)* * *['dZenərəl]1. adjallgemeinthis is not the general view — diese Ansicht wird nicht allgemein geteilt
there was general agreement among the two groups — die beiden Gruppen waren sich grundsätzlich einig
the general attitude toward(s) the war is optimistic — es herrscht allgemein eine optimistische Einstellung zum Krieg
to be in general use —
the general plan or idea is that... — wir hatten uns/sie hatten sich (dat) etc das so gedacht, dass...
the general idea of that is to... — damit soll bezweckt werden, dass..., es geht dabei darum, dass...
that was the general idea —
the general idea is to wait and see — wir/sie etc wollen einfach mal abwarten
I've got the general idea (of it) — ich habe eine Vorstellung or ich weiß so ungefähr, worum es geht
in general terms, in a general sense — generell
she recounted in very general terms the events of recent months —
my general advice would be to leave them alone — grundsätzlich würde ich Ihnen raten, sie in Ruhe zu lassen
general labourer — ungelernter Arbeiter, ungelernte Arbeiterin
general drudge — Mädchen nt für alles
2. n1)to go from the general to the particular — vom Allgemeinen ins Besondere gehen
* * *general [ˈdʒenərəl]1. allgemein, gemeinschaftlich, Gemeinschafts…2. allgemein (gebräuchlich oder verbreitet), allgemeingültig, üblich, gängig:the general practice das übliche Verfahren;as a general rule meistens, üblicherweise;it seems to be the general rule es scheint allgemein üblich zu sein3. allgemein, Allgemein…, generell, umfassend:the general public die breite Öffentlichkeit, die Allgemeinheit;general term Allgemeinbegriff m;of general interest von allgemeinem Interesse4. allgemein, nicht spezialisiert:the general reader der Durchschnittsleser;general store Gemischtwarenhandlung f5. allgemein (gehalten) (Studie etc):in general terms allgemein (ausgedrückt)6. ganz, gesamt:the general body of citizens die gesamte Bürgerschaft7. ungefähr, unbestimmt:a general idea eine ungefähre Vorstellung8. Haupt…, General…:a) Generalbevollmächtigte(r) m/f(m),b) WIRTSCH Generalvertreter(in);general manager Generaldirektor m;general power of attorney Generalvollmacht f;general sales manager Verkaufsleiter m10. MIL Generals…B s1. MILa) General mb) Heerführer m, Feldherr mc) auch allg Stratege m2. MIL USa) (Vier-Sterne-)General m (zweithöchster Generalsrang)3. REL (Ordens)General m, (General)Obere(r) min general im Allgemeinen, im Großen und Ganzengen. abk1. gender2. general (generally)* * *1. adjective1) allgemeinthe general public — weite Kreise der Öffentlichkeit od. Bevölkerung
his general health/manner — sein Allgemeinbefinden/sein Benehmen im allgemeinen
2) (prevalent, widespread, usual) allgemein; weitverbreitet [Übel, Vorurteil, Aberglaube, Ansicht]it is the general custom or rule — es ist allgemein üblich od. ist Sitte od. Brauch
3) (not limited in application) allgemein; (true of [nearly] all cases) allgemein gültig; generellas a general rule, in general — im allgemeinen
4) (not detailed, vague) allgemein; ungefähr, vage [Vorstellung, Beschreibung, Ähnlichkeit usw.]2. nounthe general idea or plan is that we... — wir haben uns das so vorgestellt, dass wir...
(Mil.) General, der* * *adj.Haupt- präfix.allgemein adj.generell adj.pauschal adj. -
16 scope
noun, no indef. art.1) Bereich, der; (of person's activities) Betätigungsfeld, das; (of person's job) Aufgabenbereich, der; (of department etc.) Zuständigkeitsbereich, der; Zuständigkeit, die; (of discussion, meeting, negotiations, investigations, etc.) Rahmen, derthat is a subject beyond my scope — das fällt nicht in meine Sparte; (beyond my grasp) das ist mir zu hoch
2) (opportunity) Entfaltungsmöglichkeiten Pl.* * *[skəup]1) ((often with for) the opportunity or chance to do, use or develop: There's no scope for originality in this job.) der Raum2) (the area or extent of an activity etc: Few things are beyond the scope of a child's imagination.) der Bereich* * *[skəʊp, AM skoʊp]n no plthe \scope of a law der Anwendungsbereich [o Geltungsbereich] eines Gesetzesthat problem is beyond the \scope of my lecture diese Problematik sprengt den Rahmen meines Vortragswe would now like to broaden the \scope of the enquiry wir würden nun gerne den Rahmen der Befragung erweiternhis study was very narrow in \scope seine Studie war von sehr eingeschränkter Sichtweise\scope for improvement Verbesserungsbereich mconsiderable/limited \scope beachtliche/begrenzte Möglichkeiten* * *[skəʊp]n1) (of topic, idea, investigation) Umfang m; (of law, measures) Reichweite f; (of sb's duties, department, tribunal) Kompetenzbereich msth is within the scope of sth — etw hält sich or bleibt im Rahmen einer Sache (gen)
sth is within the scope of a department etc — etw fällt in den Kompetenzbereich einer Abteilung etc
that's beyond the scope of this department — das geht über den Kompetenzbereich dieser Abteilung hinaus
it's not within the scope of my authority to allow that — es würde meine Kompetenzen überschreiten, dies zu erlauben
this project is more limited in scope — dieses Projekt ist auf einen engeren Rahmen begrenzt
that is beyond my scope or the scope of my understanding —
that job is within his scope — diese Arbeit liegt im Bereich seiner Fähigkeiten
3) (= opportunity) Möglichkeit(en) f(pl); (to develop one's talents) Entfaltungsmöglichkeit f; (to use one's talents) Spielraum mthere is scope for further growth in the tourist industry —
there is little scope for reducing our costs — es gibt wenig Spielraum, um die Kosten zu senken
to give sb scope to do sth — jdm den nötigen Spielraum geben, etw zu tun
the job gave him/his imaginative powers full scope — in diesem Beruf konnten sich seine Fähigkeiten/konnte sich seine Fantasie or Phantasie frei entfalten
4)See:= microscope, periscope etc* * *scope1 [skəʊp] s1. (JUR Anwendungs-)Bereich m, Gebiet n:within the scope of the law im Rahmen des Gesetzes;come within the scope of a law unter ein Gesetz fallen;be within ( outside oder beyond) the scope of sich im Rahmen (gen) halten (den Rahmen gen sprengen);that is within ( outside oder beyond) my scope of duties das fällt (nicht) in meinen Aufgabenbereich;an undertaking of wide scope ein groß angelegtes Unternehmen; → academic.ru/29872/function">function A 12. Ausmaß n, Umfang m, Reichweite f:scope of authority JUR Vollmachtsumfanggive one’s fancy full scope seiner Fantasie freien Lauf lassen;have free scope freie Hand haben ( for bei)5. Wirkungskreis m, Betätigungsfeld n6. Länge f (eines Kabels etc)7. Schuss-, Reichweite f8. a) Ausdehnung f, Weite fb) (großes) Gebiet, (weiter) Landstrich* * *noun, no indef. art.1) Bereich, der; (of person's activities) Betätigungsfeld, das; (of person's job) Aufgabenbereich, der; (of department etc.) Zuständigkeitsbereich, der; Zuständigkeit, die; (of discussion, meeting, negotiations, investigations, etc.) Rahmen, derthat is a subject beyond my scope — das fällt nicht in meine Sparte; (beyond my grasp) das ist mir zu hoch
2) (opportunity) Entfaltungsmöglichkeiten Pl.* * *n.Bereich -e m.Geltungsbereich m.Gültigkeitsbereich m.Rahmen - m.Reichweite f. -
17 acquaintance
noun1) no pl. Vertrautheit, dieacquaintance with somebody — Bekanntschaft mit jemandem
2) (person) Bekannte, der/die* * *1) (a person whom one knows slightly.) der/die Bekannte(r)2) ((with with) knowledge: My acquaintance with the works of Shakespeare is slight.) die Kenntnis* * *ac·quaint·ance[əˈkweɪntən(t)s]nsb's \acquaintances jds Bekanntenkreisto make sb's \acquaintance [or the \acquaintance of sb] jds Bekanntschaft machen* * *[ə'kweIntəns]n1) (= person) Bekannte(r) mfwith +gen); (intimate, with sorrow etc) Vertrautheit fto make sb's acquaintance, to make the acquaintance of sb — jds Bekanntschaft machen
I have some acquaintance with Italian wines — ich kenne mich mit italienischen Weinen einigermaßen aus
it improves on acquaintance —
perhaps he'll improve on acquaintance — vielleicht gefällt er uns etc besser, wenn wir etc ihn erst einmal näher kennenlernen
See:→ academic.ru/89481/nodding">nodding* * *1. Bekanntschaft f:keep up an acquaintance with sb Umgang mit jemandem haben;make sb’s acquaintance jemanden kennenlernen, jemandes Bekanntschaft machen;have some acquaintance with German brauchbare Deutschkenntnisse haben3. Bekanntschaft f:a) Bekannte(r) m/f(m)b) Bekanntenkreis m:an acquaintance of mine eine(r) meiner Bekannten* * *noun1) no pl. Vertrautheit, die2) (person) Bekannte, der/die* * *n.Bekanntschaft f. -
18 field
fi:ld
1. noun1) (a piece of land enclosed for growing crops, keeping animals etc: Our house is surrounded by fields.) campo2) (a wide area: playing fields (= an area for games, sports etc).) campo, cancha3) (a piece of land etc where minerals or other natural resources are found: an oil-field; a coalfield.) yacimiento4) (an area of knowledge, interest, study etc: in the fields of literature/economic development; her main fields of interest.) campo, terreno5) (an area affected, covered or included by something: a magnetic field; in his field of vision.) campo6) (an area of battle: the field of Waterloo; (also adjective) a field-gun.) campo de batalla
2. verb((in cricket, basketball etc) to catch (the ball) and return it.) parar y devolver- fieldwork
field n campotr[fiːld]1 (gen) campo2 (for mining) yacimiento3 SMALLMILITARY/SMALL campo4 (subject, area) campo, terreno■ what's your field? ¿cuál es tu especialidad?5 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (competitors) competidores nombre masculino plural; (horses) participantes nombre masculino plural6 SMALLTECHNICAL/SMALL campo1 SMALLSPORT/SMALL parar y devolver1 SMALLSPORT/SMALL parar y devolver la pelota1 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (select to play) presentar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto have a field day familiar (enjoyment) divertirse mucho, estar encantado,-a 2 (financially) hacer su agostoto play the field salir con mucha genteto take the field salir al campofield event SMALLSPORT/SMALL prueba de atletismofield gun cañón nombre masculino de campañafield hockey hockey nombre masculino sobre hierbafield marshall mariscal nombre masculino de campofield officer oficial nombre masulino o femenino superiorfield sports caza y pescafield trip viaje nombre masculino de estudiosfield work trabajo de campofield worker trabajador,-ra de campofield ['fi:ld] vt: interceptar y devolver (una pelota), presentar (un candidato), sortear (una pregunta)field adj: de campaña, de campofield hospital: hospital de campañafield goal: gol de campofield trip: viaje de estudiofield n1) : campo m (de cosechas, de batalla, de magnetismo)2) : campo m, cancha f (en deportes)3) : campo m (de trabajo), esfera f (de actividades)n.• campo (Informática) s.m.n.• campiña s.f.• campo s.m.• pradera s.f.• prado s.m.• redonda s.f.• terreno s.m.• tierra de labor s.f.v.• prensar v.• recoger v.fiːld
I
1) ( Agr) ( for crops) campo m; ( for grazing) campo m, prado m, potrero m (AmL)a field of corn/wheat — un maizaligal
2) ( Sport)a) ( area of play) campo m, cancha f (AmL)b) ( competitors) (+ sing o pl vb)Brown was leading the field — Brown iba a la cabeza de los participantes (or corredores etc), Brown llevaba la delantera
to play the field — (colloq) tantear el terreno (fam)
field of battle — campo m de batalla
4)a) (of study, work) campo m; ( of activities) esfera fb) ( of practical operations) campo mit has been tested in the field — se ha probado sobre el terreno; (before n) <research, survey> de campo
5) (Opt, Phot, Phys) campo m
II
1.
1)a) ( Sport) \<\<ball\>\> fildear, interceptar y devolver*b) \<\<question\>\> sortear2)a) ( Sport) \<\<team\>\> alinearb) \<\<candidates\>\> presentar
2.
vi (in baseball, cricket) fildear, interceptar y devolver* la pelota[fiːld]1. N1) (Agr) campo m ; (=meadow) prado m ; (Geol) yacimiento m2) (Sport) campo m, terreno m de juego, cancha f (LAm); (=participants) participantes mpl ; (for post) opositores mpl, candidatos mplis there a strong field? — ¿se ha presentado gente buena?
to lead the field — (Sport, Comm) llevar la delantera
to take the field — (Sport) salir al campo, saltar al terreno de juego
- play the field3) (=sphere of activity) campo m, esfera ffield of activity — esfera f de actividades, campo m de acción
it's not my field — no es mi campo or especialidad, no es lo mío
what's your field? — ¿qué especialidad tiene Vd?
in the field of painting — en el campo or mundo de la pintura
4) (=real environment)5) (Comput) campo m6) (Mil) campo mfield of battle — campo m de batalla
7) (Elec etc) campo mfield of vision — campo m visual
8) (Heraldry) campo m2.VI (Baseball, Cricket) fildear3.VT (Sport) [+ team] alinear; (Baseball, Cricket) [+ ball] recoger, fildear; (fig) [+ question] sortear4.CPDfield day N — (Mil) día m de maniobras
- have a field dayfield event N — concurso m (atlético) de salto/lanzamiento
field glasses NPL — (=binoculars) gemelos mpl
field goal N — (Basketball) tiro m de campo; (US) (Ftbl) gol m de campo
field hockey N — (US) hockey m (sobre hierba)
field hand N — (US) jornalero(-a) m / f
field hospital N — hospital m de campaña
field kitchen N — cocina f de campaña
field marshal N — (Brit) mariscal m de campo, ≈ capitán m general del ejército
field officer N — oficial mf superior
field sports NPL — la caza y la pesca
field study N — estudio m de campo
field-testfield test, field trial N — (Comm) prueba f de mercado
field trip N — viaje m or excursión f de estudios
field work N — (Sociol etc) trabajo m de campo
field worker N — investigador(a) m / f de campo
* * *[fiːld]
I
1) ( Agr) ( for crops) campo m; ( for grazing) campo m, prado m, potrero m (AmL)a field of corn/wheat — un maizal/trigal
2) ( Sport)a) ( area of play) campo m, cancha f (AmL)b) ( competitors) (+ sing o pl vb)Brown was leading the field — Brown iba a la cabeza de los participantes (or corredores etc), Brown llevaba la delantera
to play the field — (colloq) tantear el terreno (fam)
field of battle — campo m de batalla
4)a) (of study, work) campo m; ( of activities) esfera fb) ( of practical operations) campo mit has been tested in the field — se ha probado sobre el terreno; (before n) <research, survey> de campo
5) (Opt, Phot, Phys) campo m
II
1.
1)a) ( Sport) \<\<ball\>\> fildear, interceptar y devolver*b) \<\<question\>\> sortear2)a) ( Sport) \<\<team\>\> alinearb) \<\<candidates\>\> presentar
2.
vi (in baseball, cricket) fildear, interceptar y devolver* la pelota -
19 General
1. adjective1) allgemeinthe general public — weite Kreise der Öffentlichkeit od. Bevölkerung
his general health/manner — sein Allgemeinbefinden/sein Benehmen im allgemeinen
he has had a good general education — er hat eine gute Allgemeinbildung
2) (prevalent, widespread, usual) allgemein; weitverbreitet [Übel, Vorurteil, Aberglaube, Ansicht]it is the general custom or rule — es ist allgemein üblich od. ist Sitte od. Brauch
as a general rule, in general — im allgemeinen
2. nounthe general idea or plan is that we... — wir haben uns das so vorgestellt, dass wir...
(Mil.) General, der* * *['‹enərəl] 1. adjective1) (of, involving etc all, most or very many people, things etc: The general feeling is that he is stupid; His general knowledge is good although he is not good at mathematics.) allgemein2) (covering a large number of cases: a general rule.) allgemein3) (without details: I'll just give you a general idea of the plan.) allgemein4) ((as part of an official title) chief: the Postmaster General.) General-...2. noun- academic.ru/30756/generalize">generalize- generalise
- generalization
- generalisation
- generally
- General Certificate of Education
- general election
- general practitioner
- general store
- as a general rule
- in general
- the general public* * *gen·er·al[ˈʤenərəl]I. adjthe confusion was \general es herrschte allgemeine Verwirrungthe \general feeling das vorherrschende Gefühla \general idea eine verbreitete Vorstellung\general impression Gesamteindruck mto be of \general interest von allgemeinem Interesse seinit is \general practice to do sth es ist allgemein üblich, etw zu tunthe \general reader der Durchschnittsleser/die Durchschnittsleserinas a \general rule in der Regel, im Allgemeinen, normalerweiseto be in \general use allgemein benutzt [o gebraucht] werdenin \general im Allgemeinen, generell2. (for everybody) allgemein, generellmost of the soldiers lived in \general quarters die meisten Soldaten lebten in der Kasernemost of the books in this library are available for \general circulation die meisten Bücher dieser Bücherei können von jedem ausgeliehen werden\general amnesty Generalamnestie f\general meeting Vollversammlung f\general mobilization Generalmobilmachung ffor \general use für den allgemeinen [o normalen] Gebrauchto serve the \general welfare im öffentlichen Interesse sein3. (unspecific) allgemein\general American AM LING die amerikanische Standardsprache\general costs allgemeine Kosten\general semantics LING allgemeine Semantik4. (wide) allgemeinthe school gives the children a \general background die Schule vermittelt den Kindern einen allgemeinen Hintergrund\general education Ausbildung f in den Standardfächern5. (not detailed) allgemein\general idea ungefähre Vorstellungto talk in \general terms [nur] allgemein gültige Aussagen machen, nichts Spezifisches sagen\general comptroller Hauptrechnungsprüfer(in) m(f)\general consulate Generalkonsulat nt\general contractor Hauptunternehmer(in) m(f)Attorney G\general Generalstaatsanwalt, -anwältin m, fConsul G\general Generalkonsul(in) m(f)four-star \general Viersternegeneral(in) m(f)* * *['dZenərəl]1. adjallgemeinthis is not the general view — diese Ansicht wird nicht allgemein geteilt
there was general agreement among the two groups — die beiden Gruppen waren sich grundsätzlich einig
the general attitude toward(s) the war is optimistic — es herrscht allgemein eine optimistische Einstellung zum Krieg
to be in general use —
the general plan or idea is that... — wir hatten uns/sie hatten sich (dat) etc das so gedacht, dass...
the general idea of that is to... — damit soll bezweckt werden, dass..., es geht dabei darum, dass...
that was the general idea —
the general idea is to wait and see — wir/sie etc wollen einfach mal abwarten
I've got the general idea (of it) — ich habe eine Vorstellung or ich weiß so ungefähr, worum es geht
in general terms, in a general sense — generell
she recounted in very general terms the events of recent months —
my general advice would be to leave them alone — grundsätzlich würde ich Ihnen raten, sie in Ruhe zu lassen
general labourer — ungelernter Arbeiter, ungelernte Arbeiterin
general drudge — Mädchen nt für alles
2. n1)to go from the general to the particular — vom Allgemeinen ins Besondere gehen
* * *Gen. abk* * *1. adjective1) allgemeinthe general public — weite Kreise der Öffentlichkeit od. Bevölkerung
his general health/manner — sein Allgemeinbefinden/sein Benehmen im allgemeinen
2) (prevalent, widespread, usual) allgemein; weitverbreitet [Übel, Vorurteil, Aberglaube, Ansicht]it is the general custom or rule — es ist allgemein üblich od. ist Sitte od. Brauch
3) (not limited in application) allgemein; (true of [nearly] all cases) allgemein gültig; generellas a general rule, in general — im allgemeinen
4) (not detailed, vague) allgemein; ungefähr, vage [Vorstellung, Beschreibung, Ähnlichkeit usw.]2. nounthe general idea or plan is that we... — wir haben uns das so vorgestellt, dass wir...
(Mil.) General, der* * *adj.Haupt- präfix.allgemein adj.generell adj.pauschal adj. -
20 spread
1. II1) spread in some manner spread swiftly (quickly, slowly, widely, eft.) распространяться /развертываться/ быстро и т.д.; the branches spread far and wide ветви раскинулись во все стороны; the fire (the news, the disease, etc.) spreads rapidly пожар и т.д. быстро распространяется; spread somewhere rumours spread everywhere повсюду распространились /поползли/ слухи2) spread in some manner spread thickly (thinly, evenly, smoothly, etc.) размазываться /ложиться/ толстым слоем и т.д.; margarine (this paint, butter, etc.) spreads easily (well, etc.) маргарин и т.д. легко и т.д. размазывается2. IIIspread smth.1) spread a map (a newspaper, a handkerchief, etc.) развертывать /раскладывать/ карту и т.д.; spread a rug (a carpet) расстилать коврик (ковер); spread a net растягивать сеть; spread a tent натягивать палатку; spread a flag (a banner) разворачивать флаг (знамя); spread hay раскидывать сено; spread one's hands растопыривать пальцы; spread one's arms а) разводить руки; б) открывать объятия; а tree spreads its branches дерево простирает свой ветви; bird spreads its wings птица расправляет крылья; spread one's tail распустить хвост2) spread news (knowledge, learning, a report, a story, etc.) распространять новости и т.д.; spread rumours распускать слухи; spread disease разносить болезнь3) spread the table накрывать на стол3. XI1) be spread with smth. be spread with daffodils (with daisies, etc.) быть усеянным /усыпанным/ нарциссами и т.д.; the table is spread with dishes (with dainties, with every luxury, with good things to eat, etc.) стол уставлен блюдами и т.д.; bread spread with butter хлеб, намазанный маслом, хлеб с маслом; do you like your bread spread with jam? намазать вам хлеб вареньем?, хотите хлеба с вареньем?; be spread at some place my friends are spread all over the country у меня [есть] друзья /мои друзья живут/ по всей стране; the news (the story, the rumour, etc.) is spread all over the town новости и т.д. разнеслись /распространились/ по всему городу2) be spread over some time payments were spread over twelve months платежи были растянуты на двенадцать месяцев; he repaid me in small amounts spread over several years он выплачивал мне долг небольшими суммами в течение нескольких лет3) be spread for smth. the table was spread for supper (for dinner, for a meal, etc.) стол был накрыт к ужину и т.д.4. XVI1) spread at (on, along, etc.) smth. a broad plain (a desert, a grove, a valley, etc.) spread at our feet у наших ног лежала широкая равнина и т.д.; fields spread on every side со всех сторон раскинулись поля; the factory spread along the river front завод растянулся вдоль реки; spread before smb. the sea spread before us перед нами открылось море2) spread over (through, throughout) smth. the river (the water, etc.) spread over the valley река и т.д. разлилась по всей долине; the clouds spread over the sky тучи затянули небо; rash spread all over the body сыпь покрыла все тело; measles (an illness, an epidemic of cholera, etc.) spread throughout the land (through tile village, etc.) корь и т.д. распространилась по всей стране и т.д., the movement spread over Europe (over the country, etc.) это движение распространилось по всей Европе и т.д.; spread to smth. the flames spread to the other buildings пламя перекинулось на другие здания; his fame has spread to the remotest villages слава о нем дошла до самых глухих деревень; spread from smth. to smth. rumours spread from mouth to mouth слухи передавались из уст в уста3) spread over some time this course of study spreads over three years этот курс обучения рассчитан на три года5. XVIII1) he spread himself on the grass он растянулся на траве; the clouds spread themselves over the sky тучи затянули небо2) spread oneself on a subject coll. распространяться на какую-л. тему3) id he indeed spread himself он действительно угостил нас на славу6. XIX1spread like smth. spread like wildfire распространяться молниеносно7. XXI11) spread smth. over /on/ smth. spread a newspaper over the grass (a carpet over the floor, a cloth on the table, etc.) расстилать газету на траве и т.д.; spread butter on a slice of bread (honey on bread, oil on a burn, etc.) намазывать хлеб маслом и т.д.; spread paint on a fence (mortar on a stone, etc.) наносить краску на забор и т.д.; spread dishes on the table заставлять стол блюдами; spread a blanket over one's knees накрывать /укутывать/ колени одеялом; spread manure over a field разбрасывать навоз по полю; spread one's interests over too many subjects интересоваться слишком большим количеством вещей, разбрасываться2) spread smth. with smth. spread the floor with mats покрывать пол половиками /циновками/; spread a table with dishes заставлять стол блюдами; spread a table with a cloth покрывать стол скатертью, класть на стол скатерть; spread bread with butter (a burn with oil, etc.) намазывать хлеб маслом и т.д.3) spread smth. to smth. spread one's hands to the fire (its branches to the light, etc.) протягивать руки к огню и т.д.; the boat spreads her sails to the breeze лодка подставляет свой паруса ветру; spread smth. in smth. spread fear in every quarter вселять страх повсюду; spread smth. over some time spread payments over a term of years растягивать выплату на годы; spread a course of study (work, payments, etc.) over some years растягивать курс обучения и т.д. на несколько лет
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